Full Conjugation of the Wāw-Final Verb رَضِيَ يَرْضَى

1. Wāw-Final Verb under the Samiʿa Pattern

A wāw-final defective verb has wāw as its third root consonant. The text presents رَضِيَ — يَرْضَى under the samiʿa–yasmaʿu pattern.
رَضِيَ — يَرْضَى — الرِّضْوَانُ
Translation: He was pleased — he is pleased — pleasure or approval.
Its underlying root is ر ض و, even though the final radical appears as yāʾ in the perfect and as alif maqṣūrah in the imperfect. Root identification follows the underlying consonants rather than the surface spelling.

2. Why رَضِيَ Contains Yāʾ

رَضِيَ
Translation: He was pleased.
The final root consonant was wāw; after a kasrah it appears as yāʾ through iʿlāl by substitution. Thus the visible yāʾ should not be mistaken for the original third radical.
الرِّضْوَانُ
Translation: Approval or pleasure.
The wāw is visible in this related verbal noun. Contrast this with رَمَى, a genuinely yāʾ-final root. Similar surface endings can reflect different underlying roots.

3. Fourteen Positions of the Full Paradigm

The source uses the conventional 14-position sequence: third person, second person, then first person. Identify the person, gender and number before reading the active/passive and tense columns.

PositionsPersonGender/number
1–33rd personmasculine singular / dual / plural
4–63rd personfeminine singular / dual / plural
7–92nd personmasculine singular / dual / plural
10–122nd personfeminine singular / dual / plural
13–141st personsingular / plural

The two second-person dual slots often share the same written form but remain distinct grammatical positions.

4. Perfect Active and Passive: All Fourteen Forms

رَضِيَ — رُضِيَ
Translation: He was pleased — he was approved of / his action was found acceptable.

PersonActive perfectPassive perfect
3m singularرَضِيَرُضِيَ
3m dualرَضِيَارُضِيَا
3m pluralرَضُوارُضُوا
3f singularرَضِيَتْرُضِيَتْ
3f dualرَضِيَتَارُضِيَتَا
3f pluralرَضِينَرُضِينَ
2m singularرَضِيتَرُضِيتَ
2m dualرَضِيتُمَارُضِيتُمَا
2m pluralرَضِيتُمْرُضِيتُمْ
2f singularرَضِيتِرُضِيتِ
2f dualرَضِيتُمَارُضِيتُمَا
2f pluralرَضِيتُنَّرُضِيتُنَّ
1st singularرَضِيتُرُضِيتُ
1st pluralرَضِينَارُضِينَا

The passive differs in the internal vowel pattern, prominently the opening ḍammah. رَضِيتُ means “I was pleased”; رُضِيتُ means “I was approved of.” These are not the same grammatical voice.

5. Imperfect Active and Passive: All Fourteen Forms

يَرْضَى — يُرْضَى
Translation: He is pleased — he is approved of.

PersonActive imperfectPassive imperfect
3m singularيَرْضَىيُرْضَى
3m dualيَرْضَيَانِيُرْضَيَانِ
3m pluralيَرْضَوْنَيُرْضَوْنَ
3f singularتَرْضَىتُرْضَى
3f dualتَرْضَيَانِتُرْضَيَانِ
3f pluralيَرْضَيْنَيُرْضَيْنَ
2m singularتَرْضَىتُرْضَى
2m dualتَرْضَيَانِتُرْضَيَانِ
2m pluralتَرْضَوْنَتُرْضَوْنَ
2f singularتَرْضَيْنَتُرْضَيْنَ
2f dualتَرْضَيَانِتُرْضَيَانِ
2f pluralتَرْضَيْنَتُرْضَيْنَ
1st singularأَرْضَىأُرْضَى
1st pluralنَرْضَىنُرْضَى

The final alif maqṣūrah is visible in the 3m singular. Other endings reveal other weak-letter outcomes: يَرْضَيَانِ (dual), يَرْضَوْنَ (masculine plural), and تَرْضَيْنَ (2f singular).

6. Negation with لَنْ: Fourteen Forms

لَنْ يَرْضَى — لَنْ يُرْضَى
Translation: He will not be pleased — he will not be approved of.

PersonActive after lanPassive after lan
3m singularلَنْ يَرْضَىلَنْ يُرْضَى
3m dualلَنْ يَرْضَيَالَنْ يُرْضَيَا
3m pluralلَنْ يَرْضَوْالَنْ يُرْضَوْا
3f singularلَنْ تَرْضَىلَنْ تُرْضَى
3f dualلَنْ تَرْضَيَالَنْ تُرْضَيَا
3f pluralلَنْ يَرْضَيْنَلَنْ يُرْضَيْنَ
2m singularلَنْ تَرْضَىلَنْ تُرْضَى
2m dualلَنْ تَرْضَيَالَنْ تُرْضَيَا
2m pluralلَنْ تَرْضَوْالَنْ تُرْضَوْا
2f singularلَنْ تَرْضَيْلَنْ تُرْضَيْ
2f dualلَنْ تَرْضَيَالَنْ تُرْضَيَا
2f pluralلَنْ تَرْضَيْنَلَنْ تُرْضَيْنَ
1st singularلَنْ أَرْضَىلَنْ أُرْضَى
1st pluralلَنْ نَرْضَىلَنْ نُرْضَى

Lan governs the subjunctive. With final alif maqṣūrah, the written 3m singular may look unchanged, but dual and masculine plural forms lose the indicative nūn: لَنْ يَرْضَيَا, لَنْ يَرْضَوْا.

7. Which Nūn Disappears in the Subjunctive?

يَرْضَيَانِ → لَنْ يَرْضَيَا
Translation: The two are pleased → The two will not be pleased.
يَرْضَوْنَ → لَنْ يَرْضَوْا
Translation: They (masc.) are pleased → They will not be pleased.
The removed nūn marks the indicative in the five-verb forms. Contrast يَرْضَيْنَ → لَنْ يَرْضَيْنَ: its nūn is the feminine plural pronoun (nūn al-niswah), not the removable indicative nūn.

8. Negation with لَمْ: Fourteen Forms

لَمْ يَرْضَ — لَمْ يُرْضَ
Translation: He did not feel pleased — he was not approved of.

PersonActive after lamPassive after lam
3m singularلَمْ يَرْضَلَمْ يُرْضَ
3m dualلَمْ يَرْضَيَالَمْ يُرْضَيَا
3m pluralلَمْ يَرْضَوْالَمْ يُرْضَوْا
3f singularلَمْ تَرْضَلَمْ تُرْضَ
3f dualلَمْ تَرْضَيَالَمْ تُرْضَيَا
3f pluralلَمْ يَرْضَيْنَلَمْ يُرْضَيْنَ
2m singularلَمْ تَرْضَلَمْ تُرْضَ
2m dualلَمْ تَرْضَيَالَمْ تُرْضَيَا
2m pluralلَمْ تَرْضَوْالَمْ تُرْضَوْا
2f singularلَمْ تَرْضَيْلَمْ تُرْضَيْ
2f dualلَمْ تَرْضَيَالَمْ تُرْضَيَا
2f pluralلَمْ تَرْضَيْنَلَمْ تُرْضَيْنَ
1st singularلَمْ أَرْضَلَمْ أُرْضَ
1st pluralلَمْ نَرْضَلَمْ نُرْضَ

Lam governs the jussive with past-negation meaning. In يَرْضَى → لَمْ يَرْضَ final alif is dropped; the five-verb forms lose indicative nūn. Feminine-plural nūn remains part of its pronoun structure.

9. Jussive Deletion of Final Alif

يَرْضَى → لَمْ يَرْضَ
Translation: He is pleased → He was not pleased.
يُرْضَى → لَمْ يُرْضَ
Translation: He is approved of → He was not approved of.
When a weak-final imperfect becomes jussive with lam, its final alif is deleted. The stem now ends in ḍād with a fatḥah. By contrast, لَنْ يَرْضَى is subjunctive and retains the written final alif.

10. Indicative, Subjunctive and Jussive Compared

The root remains ر ض و across these forms. What changes is the governing particle and the resulting inflection.

PersonIndicativeAfter lanAfter lam
3m sgيَرْضَىلَنْ يَرْضَىلَمْ يَرْضَ
3m dualيَرْضَيَانِلَنْ يَرْضَيَالَمْ يَرْضَيَا
3m plيَرْضَوْنَلَنْ يَرْضَوْالَمْ يَرْضَوْا
2f sgتَرْضَيْنَلَنْ تَرْضَيْلَمْ تَرْضَيْ
3f plيَرْضَيْنَلَنْ يَرْضَيْنَلَمْ يَرْضَيْنَ

A written form can look identical in two grammatical moods. Understand the governing particle and distinguish the indicative nūn from the feminine plural pronoun.

11. Emphasis with the Heavy Nūn

The heavy emphatic nūn is نَّ and adds strong assurance to the verbal meaning. The source gives separate active and passive columns.

Ordinary imperfectWith heavy emphasisMeaning
يَرْضَىلَيَرْضَيَنَّHe certainly will be pleased
تَرْضَىلَتَرْضَيَنَّShe/you certainly will be pleased
يُرْضَىلَيُرْضَيَنَّHe certainly will be approved of

The final alif of يَرْضَى does not simply remain unchanged under emphasis: the form reshapes and the emphatic nūn appears. Prefix vowels continue to distinguish voice.

12. Light Emphatic Nūn and Unused Slots

The heavy emphatic ending is نَّ; the light is نْ. The textbook keeps separate columns and puts — in slots for which it supplies no light-emphasis form.

TypeEndingExample / interpretation
Heavyنَّلَيَرْضَيَنَّ
Lightنْلَيَرْضَيَنْ
Blank—No form given in that source slot

A dash is not a negative particle or a new verb form. Do not manufacture a paradigm entry for source slots that are explicitly left blank.

13. Six Second-Person Active Imperatives

اِرْضَ
Translation: Be pleased / accept it (addressed to one man).

AddresseeImperativeMeaning
2m sgاِرْضَBe pleased (one man)
2m dualاِرْضَيَاBe pleased (two men)
2m pluralاِرْضَوْاBe pleased (men)
2f sgاِرْضَيْBe pleased (one woman)
2f dualاِرْضَيَاBe pleased (two women)
2f pluralاِرْضَيْنَBe pleased (women)

The 2m singular command loses the final weak alif in اِرْضَ. The dual and plural forms retain their relevant addressee markers.

14. Deriving the Imperative from the Jussive

تَرْضَى → لَمْ تَرْضَ → اِرْضَ
Translation: You are pleased → You were not pleased → Be pleased.
Form the second-person imperative from the jussive stem: drop the imperfect prefix and, where needed, introduce hamzat al-waṣl. Hence اِرْضَ lacks both the imperfect's initial tāʾ and its final alif.

StepFormOperation
ImperfectتَرْضَىSecond-person prefix tāʾ
JussiveتَرْضَDrop final weak letter
CommandاِرْضَDrop prefix; introduce hamzat al-waṣl

This sequence illustrates the masculine-singular command. Other addressees require their appropriate endings.

15. The Command Lām for Non-Addressee Persons

Commands are not limited to the direct اِرْضَ. For third and first persons, the source uses lām al-amr with a jussive imperfect.

PersonFormMeaning
3m sgلِيَرْضَLet him be pleased
3m dualلِيَرْضَيَاLet the two be pleased
3m pluralلِيَرْضَوْاLet them be pleased
1st sgلِأَرْضَLet me be pleased
1st pluralلِنَرْضَLet us be pleased

The command lām governs the jussive, which explains the deleted final alif of لِيَرْضَ. Distinguish this from the second-person standalone command اِرْضَ.

16. Passive Command Forms and Their Meaning

لِيَرْضَ — لِيُرْضَ
Translation: Let him be pleased — let him be approved of.
The active refers to the subject's own satisfaction, whereas the passive refers to approval directed toward the subject.

VoiceFormMeaning
ActiveلِيَرْضَLet him be pleased
PassiveلِيُرْضَLet him be approved of
Active dualلِيَرْضَيَاLet the two be pleased
Passive dualلِيُرْضَيَاLet the two be approved of

Identifying the prefix vowel and the voice prevents flattening two distinct meanings into a single translation.

17. Six Second-Person Prohibitions

لَا تَرْضَ
Translation: Do not be pleased.

AddresseeProhibitionMeaning
2m sgلَا تَرْضَDo not be pleased
2m dualلَا تَرْضَيَاBoth of you: do not be pleased
2m pluralلَا تَرْضَوْاAll of you (men): do not be pleased
2f sgلَا تَرْضَيْYou (woman): do not be pleased
2f dualلَا تَرْضَيَاBoth of you (women): do not be pleased
2f pluralلَا تَرْضَيْنَAll of you (women): do not be pleased

Prohibitive lā governs the jussive. Final alif or indicative nūn is deleted where required; the feminine-plural pronoun remains.

18. Active and Passive Prohibitions

لَا تَرْضَ — لَا تُرْضَ
Translation: Do not be pleased — let it not be approved of (passive construction).

PersonActive prohibitionPassive prohibition
2m sgلَا تَرْضَلَا تُرْضَ
2m dualلَا تَرْضَيَالَا تُرْضَيَا
2m pluralلَا تَرْضَوْالَا تُرْضَوْا
2f sgلَا تَرْضَيْلَا تُرْضَيْ

The prefix vowel distinguishes voice. Prohibitive lā makes the imperfect jussive, not merely negative. The passive wording is grammatical but not necessarily idiomatic in an everyday command.

19. Active Participle رَاضٍ: Six Forms

رَاضٍ
Translation: A satisfied/approving person.

Gender/numberActive participleMeaning
m sgرَاضٍOne satisfied man/person
m dualرَاضِيَانِTwo satisfied men
m pluralرَاضُونَSatisfied men
f sgرَاضِيَةٌOne satisfied woman
f dualرَاضِيَتَانِTwo satisfied women
f pluralرَاضِيَاتٌSatisfied women

رَاضٍ behaves as an ism manqūṣ. The final yāʾ is omitted in this indefinite nominative singular, but surfaces in forms such as رَاضِيَانِ.

20. Passive Participle مَرْضِيٌّ: Six Forms

مَرْضِيٌّ
Translation: Approved of; pleasing or acceptable in context.

Gender/numberPassive participleMeaning
m sgمَرْضِيٌّApproved man or thing
m dualمَرْضِيَّانِTwo approved masculine referents
m pluralمَرْضِيُّونَApproved men
f sgمَرْضِيَّةٌApproved feminine referent
f dualمَرْضِيَّتَانِTwo approved feminine referents
f pluralمَرْضِيَّاتٌApproved feminine plural

The final doubled yāʾ records assimilation (idghām) in the weak-final derivation. رَاضٍ denotes the one who is pleased, while مَرْضِيٌّ denotes the object or recipient of approval.

21. Why the Yāʾ of رَاضٍ Is Omitted

رَاضٍ — رَاضِيَانِ — رَاضِيَةٌ
Translation: A satisfied person — two satisfied men — a satisfied woman.
The active participle follows fāʿil. The weak final root consonant undergoes regular transformations. In the indefinite masculine nominative singular, the resulting final yāʾ is omitted under the rule of ism manqūṣ.

FormFinal yāʾ
رَاضٍOmitted; tanwīn retained
رَاضِيَانِAppears in the dual
رَاضِيَةٌAppears in the feminine

The missing written yāʾ in one case does not change the underlying root class.

22. Weak-Letter Change and Assimilation in مَرْضِيٌّ

مَرْضِيٌّ
Translation: Approved of / acceptable.
The passive-participle pattern combines with a weak final wāw. Substitution brings that weak consonant into a yāʾ sequence; assimilation produces the final doubled يّ.

FormRoleVisible feature
رَاضٍActive participleFinal yāʾ omitted in indefinite nominative
مَرْضِيٌّPassive participleGeminated yāʾ
رَاضِيَةٌFeminine active participleYāʾ visible
مَرْضِيَّةٌFeminine passive participleGeminated yāʾ remains

Idghām merges corresponding consonants into a doubled sound; it is not merely deleting a letter.

23. Explaining Wāw and Yāʾ in Root Derivatives

الرِّضْوَانُ — رَضِيَ — يَرْضَى
Translation: Approval — he was pleased — he is pleased.
All are associated with the root ر ض و, but its weak third radical surfaces differently. The verbal noun exposes wāw, the perfect displays yāʾ, and the imperfect ends in alif maqṣūrah.

FormVisible featureReason
الرِّضْوَانُوRoot wāw visible
رَضِيَيSubstitution under vowel conditions
يَرْضَىىAlif substitution
لَمْ يَرْضَNo final weak letterJussive deletion

Distinguish substitution from deletion and identify the particular environment that triggers each.

24. Comparing رَضِيَ, دَعَا and رَمَى

Comparing the previous two paradigms with this one highlights the distinction between underlying root and surface form.

PerfectRootImperfectAfter lamActive participle
دَعَاد ع ويَدْعُولَمْ يَدْعُدَاعٍ
رَمَىر م ييَرْمِيلَمْ يَرْمِرَامٍ
رَضِيَر ض ويَرْضَىلَمْ يَرْضَرَاضٍ

دَعَا and رَضِيَ are both ultimately wāw-final but use different vowel patterns. رَمَى is yāʾ-final. Their jussive final vowels reflect different underlying imperfect stems.

25. Integrated Parsing and Morphological Reasoning

For each form, identify its root, person, voice, governor and morphological operation.

FormIdentificationReason
رَضِيتُ1st sg active perfectWāw shifts to yāʾ in perfect
رُضِيتُ1st sg passive perfectPassive vowel pattern
لَنْ يَرْضَيَاDual active subjunctiveIndicative nūn deleted
لَمْ يَرْضَ3m sg active jussiveFinal alif deleted
اِرْضَ2m sg imperativeJussive-stem imperative
رَاضٍActive participleManqūṣ yāʾ omitted
مَرْضِيٌّPassive participleSubstitution and assimilation

The purpose of the full paradigm is explanatory mastery: identify not just a correct form, but why it is correct in its grammatical environment.