Full Conjugation of the Yāʾ-Final Verb رَمَى يَرْمِي

1. Yāʾ-Final Verb: Root and Pattern

A yāʾ-final defective verb has yāʾ as its third root consonant. The textbook places this verb under ḍaraba–yaḍribu.
رَمَى — يَرْمِي — رَمْيًا
Translation: He threw — he throws — throwing.
The perfect shows a final alif maqṣūrah, while the imperfect retains the underlying yāʾ. The changed spelling is a morphological result, not evidence of a different root. The book presents the full verb paradigms first, then derived nouns and finally the explanations for their changes.

2. Why رَمَى Ends in Alif Maqṣūrah

رَمَى comes from ر م ي. In the appropriate final position, the weak yāʾ is changed to alif, represented in spelling as alif maqṣūrah ى.
رَمَى — رَمَيَا — رَمَيْتُ
Translation: He threw — they two threw — I threw.
The dual and the suffixed first-person form reveal the yāʾ differently. The important skill is recognizing a single root behind different written endings; the changed form is conditioned by the attached ending.

3. Active and Passive Perfect: Fourteen Forms

Compare all fourteen personal endings in the active and passive perfect:

PronounActive perfectPassive perfect
heرَمَىرُمِيَ
they two (m.)رَمَيَارُمِيَا
they (m.)رَمَوْارُمُوا
sheرَمَتْرُمِيَتْ
they two (f.)رَمَتَارُمِيَتَا
they (f.)رَمَيْنَرُمِينَ
you (m. sg.)رَمَيْتَرُمِيتَ
you two (m.)رَمَيْتُمَارُمِيتُمَا
you (m. pl.)رَمَيْتُمْرُمِيتُمْ
you (f. sg.)رَمَيْتِرُمِيتِ
you two (f.)رَمَيْتُمَارُمِيتُمَا
you (f. pl.)رَمَيْتُنَّرُمِيتُنَّ
Iرَمَيْتُرُمِيتُ
weرَمَيْنَارُمِينَا

Essential contrast: رَمَى means “he threw,” while رُمِيَ means “he/it was thrown.” رَمَيْتُ and رُمِيتُ share the same first-person suffix, but stem vowels change the voice.

4. How Perfect Endings Reveal the Weak Root

Person, gender and number condition the ending of the perfect. Compare:
رَمَى — رَمَيَا — رَمَوْا
Translation: he threw — two men threw — men threw.
رَمَتْ — رَمَتَا — رَمَيْنَ
Translation: she threw — two women threw — women threw.
رَمَيْتَ — رَمَيْتِ — رَمَيْتُ
Translation: you (masc.) threw — you (fem.) threw — I threw.
Do not identify the form from an isolated final letter. Read the stem and the entire personal ending together.

5. Active and Passive Imperfect: Fourteen Forms

The two basic imperfects are يَرْمِي (active) and يُرْمَى (passive):

PronounActive imperfectPassive imperfect
heيَرْمِييُرْمَى
they two (m.)يَرْمِيَانِيُرْمَيَانِ
they (m.)يَرْمُونَيُرْمَوْنَ
sheتَرْمِيتُرْمَى
they two (f.)تَرْمِيَانِتُرْمَيَانِ
they (f.)يَرْمِينَيُرْمَيْنَ
you (m. sg.)تَرْمِيتُرْمَى
you two (m.)تَرْمِيَانِتُرْمَيَانِ
you (m. pl.)تَرْمُونَتُرْمَوْنَ
you (f. sg.)تَرْمِينَتُرْمَيْنَ
you two (f.)تَرْمِيَانِتُرْمَيَانِ
you (f. pl.)تَرْمِينَتُرْمَيْنَ
Iأَرْمِيأُرْمَى
weنَرْمِينُرْمَى

Recognition: the active singular retains a final yāʾ, whereas the passive singular ends with alif maqṣūrah. The person-prefix by itself does not tell you whether a form is active or passive; compare the vowel pattern and final weak letter.

6. The Five Indicative Forms

The five indicative patterns have an ending nūn:
يَرْمِيَانِ — تَرْمِيَانِ — يَرْمُونَ — تَرْمُونَ — تَرْمِينَ
Translation: the two throw; you two throw; they men throw; you men throw; you (fem.) throw.
Their final nūn marks the indicative in these forms. With لَنْ or لَمْ, that nūn is removed. This is not the same morphological event as the deletion of a final weak letter in singular jussive forms.

7. Negation by لَنْ: Full Fourteen Forms

لَنْ negates the imperfect and places it in the subjunctive:

PronounActive with lanPassive with lan
heلَنْ يَرْمِيَلَنْ يُرْمَى
they two (m.)لَنْ يَرْمِيَالَنْ يُرْمَيَا
they (m.)لَنْ يَرْمُوالَنْ يُرْمَوْا
sheلَنْ تَرْمِيَلَنْ تُرْمَى
they two (f.)لَنْ تَرْمِيَالَنْ تُرْمَيَا
they (f.)لَنْ يَرْمِينَلَنْ يُرْمَيْنَ
you (m. sg.)لَنْ تَرْمِيَلَنْ تُرْمَى
you two (m.)لَنْ تَرْمِيَالَنْ تُرْمَيَا
you (m. pl.)لَنْ تَرْمُوالَنْ تُرْمَوْا
you (f. sg.)لَنْ تَرْمِيلَنْ تُرْمَيْ
you two (f.)لَنْ تَرْمِيَالَنْ تُرْمَيَا
you (f. pl.)لَنْ تَرْمِينَلَنْ تُرْمَيْنَ
Iلَنْ أَرْمِيَلَنْ أُرْمَى
weلَنْ نَرْمِيَلَنْ نُرْمَى

لَنْ يَرْمِيَ: he will not throw.
لَنْ يُرْمَى: he/it will not be thrown.
The active masculine singular has a visibly inflected final yāʾ, while the passive ending in alif maqṣūrah carries a non-written, estimated case/mood vowel.

8. Subjunctive: Loss of Nūn vs. Final Vowel

Two different operations occur:

IndicativeAfter lanReason
يَرْمِيلَنْ يَرْمِيَsubjunctive final vowel
يَرْمِيَانِلَنْ يَرْمِيَاdual nūn removed
يَرْمُونَلَنْ يَرْمُواplural nūn removed
تَرْمِينَلَنْ تَرْمِيfeminine-address nūn removed
يُرْمَىلَنْ يُرْمَىestimated vowel on alif

The five indicative forms lose their final nūn. The active weak-final singular instead takes the appropriate final subjunctive vowel. Treat these as separate rules.

9. Negation by لَمْ: Full Fourteen Forms

لَمْ negates the imperfect in the jussive and normally refers to a past non-event:

PronounActive with lamPassive with lam
heلَمْ يَرْمِلَمْ يُرْمَ
they two (m.)لَمْ يَرْمِيَالَمْ يُرْمَيَا
they (m.)لَمْ يَرْمُوالَمْ يُرْمَوْا
sheلَمْ تَرْمِلَمْ تُرْمَ
they two (f.)لَمْ تَرْمِيَالَمْ تُرْمَيَا
they (f.)لَمْ يَرْمِينَلَمْ يُرْمَيْنَ
you (m. sg.)لَمْ تَرْمِلَمْ تُرْمَ
you two (m.)لَمْ تَرْمِيَالَمْ تُرْمَيَا
you (m. pl.)لَمْ تَرْمُوالَمْ تُرْمَوْا
you (f. sg.)لَمْ تَرْمِيلَمْ تُرْمَيْ
you two (f.)لَمْ تَرْمِيَالَمْ تُرْمَيَا
you (f. pl.)لَمْ تَرْمِينَلَمْ تُرْمَيْنَ
Iلَمْ أَرْمِلَمْ أُرْمَ
weلَمْ نَرْمِلَمْ نُرْمَ

لَمْ يَرْمِ: he did not throw.
لَمْ يُرْمَ: he/it was not thrown.
The singular jussive active drops the final yāʾ: يَرْمِي → يَرْمِ. The passive drops its weak alif: يُرْمَى → يُرْمَ. The remaining kasrah/fatḥah helps distinguish the two forms.

10. Jussive Deletion of the Final Weak Letter

The final weak letter drops in jussive singulars:

IndicativeJussiveDeleted
يَرْمِيلَمْ يَرْمِfinal yāʾ
تَرْمِيلَمْ تَرْمِfinal yāʾ
أَرْمِيلَمْ أَرْمِfinal yāʾ
يُرْمَىلَمْ يُرْمَfinal alif

The remaining kasrah in لَمْ يَرْمِ and fatḥah in لَمْ يُرْمَ are part of the properly formed jussives. They help identify the underlying stem even after deletion.

11. Direct Comparison of لَنْ and لَمْ

Always identify the particle before analysing the form:

FormSubjunctive after lanJussive after lam
3m.sg. activeلَنْ يَرْمِيَلَمْ يَرْمِ
3m.sg. passiveلَنْ يُرْمَىلَمْ يُرْمَ
3m.du. activeلَنْ يَرْمِيَالَمْ يَرْمِيَا
3m.pl. activeلَنْ يَرْمُوالَمْ يَرْمُوا
2f.sg. activeلَنْ تَرْمِيلَمْ تَرْمِي

Both particles remove the indicative nūn of the five verbs. Yet lan governs the subjunctive while lam governs the jussive; the underlying grammatical cause differs even when an output form looks alike.

12. Heavy and Light Emphatic Nūn

The book separates the paradigms with heavy nūn of emphasis (geminated) and light nūn (sākin):
لَيَرْمِيَنَّ — لَيَرْمِيَنْ
Translation: He will certainly throw, in the two emphatic patterns.
لَيُرْمَيَنَّ — لَيُرْمَيَنْ
Translation: He/it will certainly be thrown, using the two emphatic patterns.
Emphasis may affect the ending beyond adding one letter. A dash in the book's light-nūn column marks a form not supplied in that paradigm; do not manufacture a replacement.

13. Emphasis: Comparing Source-Paradigm Forms

Compare representative active forms across person and number:

PronounHeavy nūnLight nūn
heلَيَرْمِيَنَّلَيَرْمِيَنْ
they two (m.)لَيَرْمِيَانِّ—
they (m.)لَيَرْمُنَّلَيَرْمُنْ
sheلَتَرْمِيَنَّلَتَرْمِيَنْ
Iلَأَرْمِيَنَّلَأَرْمِيَنْ

The heavy and light emphatic constructions are not simple addition of a nūn to the unchanged indicative. Their interaction with the weak stem and personal endings needs to be read form by form. This selection illustrates the textbook's full tables.

14. Passive Emphasis and Omitted Cells

The passive imperfect يُرْمَى changes shape when an emphatic ending attaches:

Ordinary formHeavy nūnLight nūn
يُرْمَىلَيُرْمَيَنَّلَيُرْمَيَنْ
تُرْمَىلَتُرْمَيَنَّلَتُرْمَيَنْ
أُرْمَىلَأُرْمَيَنَّلَأُرْمَيَنْ

These are emphatic forms, not the subjunctive after lan or jussive after lam. The derivational reason is therefore different. Do not treat a dash in a light-emphasis table as a usable alternative form.

15. Active Imperative: Six Addressee Forms

The six ordinary addressee imperatives are:

AddresseeActive imperative
you (m.)اِرْمِ
you two (m.)اِرْمِيَا
you (m. pl.)اِرْمُوا
you (f.)اِرْمِي
you two (f.)اِرْمِيَا
you (f. pl.)اِرْمِينَ

اِرْمِ means “throw!” to a masculine singular addressee; the weak yāʾ is deleted. اِرْمِي addresses a single woman and must not be confused with the first form. Compare the ending together with the intended addressee.

16. Deriving the Imperative from the Jussive

The addressee imperative is related to the jussive imperfect:

IndicativeJussiveImperative
تَرْمِيلَمْ تَرْمِاِرْمِ
تَرْمِيَانِلَمْ تَرْمِيَااِرْمِيَا
تَرْمُونَلَمْ تَرْمُوااِرْمُوا
تَرْمِينَلَمْ تَرْمِياِرْمِي

The singular masculine loses the final weak letter, while the dual, masculine plural and feminine singular addressee forms lose the indicative nūn. The imperfect prefix is removed and a helping initial vowel/hamzat al-waṣl is supplied where necessary.

17. Imperative Lām in Active and Passive

The imperative lām takes a jussive imperfect and can express a command or injunction for non-addressee persons as well:

PersonActive jussive commandPassive jussive command
heلِيَرْمِلِيُرْمَ
they twoلِيَرْمِيَالِيُرْمَيَا
they menلِيَرْمُوالِيُرْمَوْا
sheلِتَرْمِلِتُرْمَ
Iلِأَرْمِلِأُرْمَ
weلِنَرْمِلِنُرْمَ

لِيَرْمِ: let him throw. لِيُرْمَ: let it be thrown. The passive has a different grammatical focus: the affected entity, not the performer.

18. Active Prohibition: Addressee Forms

The prohibitive لَا governs the jussive. Six ordinary addressee forms are:

AddresseeActive prohibition
you (m.)لَا تَرْمِ
you two (m.)لَا تَرْمِيَا
you (m. pl.)لَا تَرْمُوا
you (f.)لَا تَرْمِي
you two (f.)لَا تَرْمِيَا
you (f. pl.)لَا تَرْمِينَ

لَا تَرْمِ addresses a man and reflects deletion of the final weak consonant; لَا تَرْمِي addresses a woman and reflects deletion of an indicative nūn. Similar appearances can arise from different inflectional rules.

19. Active Versus Passive Prohibition

Active prohibition forbids the addressee from performing an act; passive prohibition forbids an act being done to a person or thing:

AddresseeActivePassive
m. singularلَا تَرْمِلَا تُرْمَ
dualلَا تَرْمِيَالَا تُرْمَيَا
m. pluralلَا تَرْمُوالَا تُرْمَوْا
f. singularلَا تَرْمِيلَا تُرْمَيْ

لَا تَرْمِ: do not throw. لَا تُرْمَ: do not be thrown. The passive reading follows from the vowel pattern of تُرْمَ, not simply from the presence of lā.

20. Active Participle: رَامٍ

The active participle identifies the performer. From رَمَى it is رَامٍ, “one who throws”:

FormActive participle
m. singularرَامٍ
m. dualرَامِيَانِ
m. pluralرَامُونَ
f. singularرَامِيَةٌ
f. dualرَامِيَتَانِ
f. pluralرَامِيَاتٌ

The indefinite nominative masculine singular رَامٍ reflects the well-known weak-final active participle pattern. Its yāʾ is omitted in this case; dual and feminine forms reveal the underlying yāʾ differently.

21. Passive Participle: مَرْمِيٌّ

The passive participle refers to the person or thing affected by the action. From رَمَى comes مَرْمِيٌّ, “thrown”:

FormPassive participle
m. singularمَرْمِيٌّ
m. dualمَرْمِيَّانِ
m. pluralمَرْمِيُّونَ
f. singularمَرْمِيَّةٌ
f. dualمَرْمِيَّتَانِ
f. pluralمَرْمِيَّاتٌ

رَامٍ is a thrower; مَرْمِيٌّ is something thrown. The doubled yāʾ in مَرْمِيٌّ results from the passive-participle pattern and assimilation, not from the same process that reduces رَامِيٌ to رَامٍ.

22. Morphological Explanation of رَمَى and يَرْمِي

The source explanations can be organized around one root:
رَمَى: the final root yāʾ becomes alif in the appropriate perfect environment.
يَرْمِي: yāʾ remains; the indicative ḍamma is estimated rather than pronounced on the weak ending.
يُرْمَى: in the passive imperfect the final yāʾ becomes alif after the preceding fatḥah.
These are transformations of ر م ي, not three unrelated roots. Analyse pattern and vowels before describing a weak-letter change.

23. Weak-Final Rules in the Addressee Forms

Compare the feminine addressee:
تَرْمِينَ — لَمْ تَرْمِي — اِرْمِي
Translation: you (f.) throw — you did not throw — throw!
The indicative nūn is lost, while the addressee yāʾ stays.
Now compare the weak-final singular masculine pattern:
يَرْمِي — لَمْ يَرْمِ — اِرْمِ
Translation: he throws — he did not throw — throw! (m. sing.)
Here the weak final root letter itself is deleted in the jussive. Similar-looking changes can have different grammatical causes.

24. How رَامٍ and مَرْمِيٌّ Are Formed

The active participle follows the فَاعِلٌ pattern, adjusted for a weak-final yāʾ. In the indefinite masculine nominative singular, the weak ending produces رَامٍ. The yāʾ is visible again in the dual رَامِيَانِ.
The passive participle follows مَفْعُولٌ; its wāw interacts with the root-final yāʾ, producing yāʾ substitution and assimilation. The result is the geminated مَرْمِيٌّ. These different patterns account for the different meanings as well.

25. Chapter Synthesis: Ten Diagnostic Forms

Use this diagnostic summary to distinguish the key outcomes:

CategoryFormMeaning
active perfectرَمَىhe threw
passive perfectرُمِيَit was thrown
active imperfectيَرْمِيhe throws
passive imperfectيُرْمَىit is thrown
lanلَنْ يَرْمِيَhe will not throw
lamلَمْ يَرْمِhe did not throw
imperativeاِرْمِthrow!
prohibitionلَا تَرْمِdo not throw
active participleرَامٍthrower
passive participleمَرْمِيٌّthrown

For a new weak-final form, ask four questions: What is its root? Which person and voice is it? Which particle or morphological pattern governs it? What happens to the weak consonant?