The roots of قَالَ / بَاعَ / خَافَ are respectively ق و ل / ب ي ع / خ و ف. Each has a weak second radical, but the three take different imperfect and imperative patterns.
قَوَلَ → قَالَ; يَقْوُلُ → يَقُولُ; قُلْتُ
بَيَعَ → بَاعَ; يَبْيِعُ → يَبِيعُ; بِعْتُ
خَوِفَ → خَافَ; يَخْوَفُ → يَخَافُ; خِفْتُ
A complete derivation identifies the root, the rule’s condition, the specific transfer/elision/substitution, and the standard result.
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Putting Hollow-Verb Analysis Together
Hollow Verbs: Seven Iʿlāl Rules and Three Short Paradigms
The roots of قَالَ / بَاعَ / خَافَ are respectively ق و ل / ب ي ع / خ و ف. Each has a weak second radical, but the three take different imperfect and imperative patterns.
قَوَلَ → قَالَ; يَقْوُلُ → يَقُولُ; قُلْتُ
بَيَعَ → بَاعَ; يَبْيِعُ → يَبِيعُ; بِعْتُ
خَوِفَ → خَافَ; يَخْوَفُ → يَخَافُ; خِفْتُ
A complete derivation identifies the root, the rule’s condition, the specific transfer/elision/substitution, and the standard result.