وَالْفَرْقُ بَيْنَهُمَا أَنَّ «عِنْدَ» لَا يُشْتَرَطُ فِيهِ الْحُضُورُ، وَيُشْتَرَطُ ذَلِكَ فِي «لَدَى» وَ«لَدُنْ».
Translation: The distinction is that presence is not required with ʿinda, but is required with ladā and ladun.
All three can express nearness or possession, but the book distinguishes ʿinda from ladā/ladun by a stronger condition of presence in the latter two.
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Indeclinable Adverbs — Ghāyāt, Time and Place
وَالْفَرْقُ بَيْنَهُمَا أَنَّ «عِنْدَ» لَا يُشْتَرَطُ فِيهِ الْحُضُورُ، وَيُشْتَرَطُ ذَلِكَ فِي «لَدَى» وَ«لَدُنْ».
Translation: The distinction is that presence is not required with ʿinda, but is required with ladā and ladun.
All three can express nearness or possession, but the book distinguishes ʿinda from ladā/ladun by a stronger condition of presence in the latter two.