Three descriptive terms identify a consonant's short vowel:
Word / formMeaning / explanation
maḍmūmbearing ḍammah, as in بُ.
maftūḥbearing fatḥah, as in بَ.
maksūrbearing kasrah, as in بِ.
In يَضْرِبُ, yāʾ is maftūḥ, ḍād is sākin, rāʾ is maksūr, and bāʾ is maḍmūm. These precise descriptions make the full vowel pattern clear and assist later work with morphological patterns.
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Introduction to ʿIlm al-Ṣarf and Basic Terminology
Three descriptive terms identify a consonant's short vowel:
Word / formMeaning / explanation
maḍmūmbearing ḍammah, as in بُ.
maftūḥbearing fatḥah, as in بَ.
maksūrbearing kasrah, as in بِ.
In يَضْرِبُ, yāʾ is maftūḥ, ḍād is sākin, rāʾ is maksūr, and bāʾ is maḍmūm. These precise descriptions make the full vowel pattern clear and assist later work with morphological patterns.