جَاءَ كَاتِبٌ — رَأَيْتُ كَاتِبًا — مَرَرْتُ بِكَاتِبٍ
The participle itself declines as a noun (nominative, accusative or genitive according to role). Its case is different from the case it assigns to its own dependents.
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The Participle’s Own Case
Ism al-Fāʿil: Formation, Governance, Conditions and Time
جَاءَ كَاتِبٌ — رَأَيْتُ كَاتِبًا — مَرَرْتُ بِكَاتِبٍ
The participle itself declines as a noun (nominative, accusative or genitive according to role). Its case is different from the case it assigns to its own dependents.