Rules 1–4 mainly describe changes in broken-plural formation. They are not interchangeable.
No.ConditionOutputExample
1Ḍamma before alifWāwخَوَادِعُ
2Kasra before alifYāʾمَفَاتِيحُ
3Extra lengthening letter in faʿāʾilHamzahصَحَائِفُ
4Special repeated weak-letter clusterHamzahأَوَائِلُ
Know the conditioning environment as well as the final spelling; spelling alone does not uniquely identify the rule.
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Miscellaneous Morphological Explanations: Eight Rules for Wāw, Yāʾ, Alif and Hamzah
Rules 1–4 mainly describe changes in broken-plural formation. They are not interchangeable.
No.ConditionOutputExample
1Ḍamma before alifWāwخَوَادِعُ
2Kasra before alifYāʾمَفَاتِيحُ
3Extra lengthening letter in faʿāʾilHamzahصَحَائِفُ
4Special repeated weak-letter clusterHamzahأَوَائِلُ
Know the conditioning environment as well as the final spelling; spelling alone does not uniquely identify the rule.