الطَّالِبُ فِي الْفَصْلِ — The student is in the classroom: definite mubtadaʾ followed by a prepositional khabar.
فِي الْفَصْلِ طَالِبٌ — There is a student in the classroom: fronted khabar followed by a delayed indefinite mubtadaʾ.
The second pattern introduces an unspecified entity after establishing the location.
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Mubtadaʾ and Khabar — Definition and Foundational Rules
الطَّالِبُ فِي الْفَصْلِ — The student is in the classroom: definite mubtadaʾ followed by a prepositional khabar.
فِي الْفَصْلِ طَالِبٌ — There is a student in the classroom: fronted khabar followed by a delayed indefinite mubtadaʾ.
The second pattern introduces an unspecified entity after establishing the location.