1. Both words in «زَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ» are nominative, but only the first is the mubtadaʾ.
2. In «رَجُلٌ صَالِحٌ حَاضِرٌ», «صَالِحٌ» is an adjective, not necessarily the predicate.
3. In «فِي الدَّارِ رَجُلٌ», «فِي الدَّارِ» is a fronted predicate phrase, not a mubtadaʾ.
4. The source allows an indefinite topic when a recognized informative condition is present.
5. In «أَبُونَا», nominative case is marked by wāw, not ordinary ḍamma.
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Five Common Errors to Avoid
Mubtadaʾ and Khabar — Definition and Foundational Rules
1. Both words in «زَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ» are nominative, but only the first is the mubtadaʾ.
2. In «رَجُلٌ صَالِحٌ حَاضِرٌ», «صَالِحٌ» is an adjective, not necessarily the predicate.
3. In «فِي الدَّارِ رَجُلٌ», «فِي الدَّارِ» is a fronted predicate phrase, not a mubtadaʾ.
4. The source allows an indefinite topic when a recognized informative condition is present.
5. In «أَبُونَا», nominative case is marked by wāw, not ordinary ḍamma.