Positive question + naʿam confirms arrival; negative statement + naʿam confirms non-arrival; negative statement/question + balā asserts arrival.
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Diagnostic Contrast: Naʿam versus Balā
Reply Particles: Naʿam, Balā and All Six Forms
Positive question + naʿam confirms arrival; negative statement + naʿam confirms non-arrival; negative statement/question + balā asserts arrival.