The five rules together establish a structured account of hamzah changes:
1. Quiescent hamzah: optional substitution matching the preceding vowel.
2. Two hamzahs in one word, second quiescent: obligatory matching substitution.
3. Moving hamzah after a quiescent letter: optionally transfer its vowel and drop hamzah.
4. Hamzah with fatḥah after kasrah or ḍammah: optional matching substitution.
5. Exceptional hamzah deletion in the imperative كُلْ from أَكَلَ.
Through all these operations, original radicals and their positions remain central to morphological analysis.
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Integrated Summary of the Five Rules
Rules of Hamzated Forms: Lightening, Substitution, Elision and Short Paradigms
The five rules together establish a structured account of hamzah changes:
1. Quiescent hamzah: optional substitution matching the preceding vowel.
2. Two hamzahs in one word, second quiescent: obligatory matching substitution.
3. Moving hamzah after a quiescent letter: optionally transfer its vowel and drop hamzah.
4. Hamzah with fatḥah after kasrah or ḍammah: optional matching substitution.
5. Exceptional hamzah deletion in the imperative كُلْ from أَكَلَ.
Through all these operations, original radicals and their positions remain central to morphological analysis.