طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ — The sun rose. The form طَلَعَ الشَّمْسُ is also allowed.
طَلَعَتْ / طَلَعَ is a past verb. الشَّمْسُ is the nominative subject, marked by ḍamma. Since «الشمس» is treated as non-real/grammatical feminine here, either agreement form is permitted.
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Rules of the Fāʿil: Explicit Nouns, Pronouns, Number and Gender
طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ — The sun rose. The form طَلَعَ الشَّمْسُ is also allowed.
طَلَعَتْ / طَلَعَ is a past verb. الشَّمْسُ is the nominative subject, marked by ḍamma. Since «الشمس» is treated as non-real/grammatical feminine here, either agreement form is permitted.