LessonsSeven Semantic Properties of Form III (Mufāʿalah): Participation, Equivalence, Causing a State, and Independent UsesQuiz

TermMorphologyMeaning
قَسْوَةٌRoot-related nounHardness
قَاسَىForm III pastEndured/suffered
مُقَاسَاةٌForm III verbal nounEnduring suffering

The terms share a root-related semantic field, but the Form III word carries its own lexical sense. That is the point of ibtidāʾ in this chapter.

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