Final Review: All Seven Properties

Seven Semantic Properties of Form III (Mufāʿalah): Participation, Equivalence, Causing a State, and Independent Uses

FunctionDiagnostic questionExample
ParticipationAre both sides involved?قَاتَلَ
Basic-form equivalenceLike the simple verb?سَافَرَ
Form IV equivalenceLike afʿala?بَاعَدَ
Form VI equivalenceLike tafāʿala?شَاتَمَ
Causing a stateIs a new state produced?عَافَى
Independent lexical useA special established meaning?قَاسَى
Form II equivalenceLike faʿʿala?ضَاعَفَ

These questions classify the seven examples according to the textbook's semantic scheme.