Integrated Review and Transition

Six Semantic Functions of Form VIII (Iftiʿāl): Adoption, Exertion, Selection, Response, Equivalence, and Independent Usage

The six functions can be reviewed through representative source examples.

FunctionExampleDiagnostic feature
Adoptionاِغْتَدَى الشَّاةَUsing as food
ExertionاِكْتَسَبَSeeking a result
Personal choiceاِكْتَالَ الشَّعِيرَMeasuring for oneself
Responseغَمَمْتُهُ فَاغْتَمَّCause and consequence
EquivalenceاِخْتَصَمَSense like takhāṣama
Independent usageاِسْتَلَمَKissing/touching a stone

The next textbook section concerns Form X (istifʿāl). Avoid importing its properties into the present six functions.