جَاءَ زَيْدٌ: jāʾa is past tense; Zayd is fāʿil, nominative by ḍamma.
رَأَيْتُ زَيْدًا: raʾaytu is past tense with -tu as its subject; Zayd is a direct object, accusative by fatḥa.
مَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ: marartu is verb and subject; bi- is a preposition; Zayd is genitive by kasra.
A pause-ending does not remove a noun’s capacity for iʿrāb.
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The indeclinable noun: definition, rule and eight classes
جَاءَ زَيْدٌ: jāʾa is past tense; Zayd is fāʿil, nominative by ḍamma.
رَأَيْتُ زَيْدًا: raʾaytu is past tense with -tu as its subject; Zayd is a direct object, accusative by fatḥa.
مَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ: marartu is verb and subject; bi- is a preposition; Zayd is genitive by kasra.
A pause-ending does not remove a noun’s capacity for iʿrāb.