كَانَ الطَّبِيبُ مَشْغُولًا
Translation: The doctor was occupied.
الطَّبِيبُ: who is being described? The doctor → nominative ism.
مَشْغُولًا: what condition is being ascribed? Occupied → accusative khabar.
Ask the same questions with fronted order «قَائِمًا كَانَ زَيْدٌ» rather than relying only on position.
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The Ism of Kāna and Its Sisters
كَانَ الطَّبِيبُ مَشْغُولًا
Translation: The doctor was occupied.
الطَّبِيبُ: who is being described? The doctor → nominative ism.
مَشْغُولًا: what condition is being ascribed? Occupied → accusative khabar.
Ask the same questions with fronted order «قَائِمًا كَانَ زَيْدٌ» rather than relying only on position.