Family 1: first ḍamma/penultimate kasra. Family 2: first two ḍammas. Family 3: first and third ḍammas. All use a penultimate kasra in the regular past patterns.
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Three Past-Passive Families
The Passive Verb: Past, Imperfect, and Proxy Subject
Family 1: first ḍamma/penultimate kasra. Family 2: first two ḍammas. Family 3: first and third ḍammas. All use a penultimate kasra in the regular past patterns.