Arabic surface forms do not always display every root radical transparently. Correct classification therefore requires identifying the underlying root.
قَالَ contains a written alif but comes from ق و ل: a wāw-middle ajwaf root.
بَاعَ contains a written alif but comes from ب ي ع: a yāʾ-middle ajwaf root.
مَدَّ contains one written shaddah-bearing dāl but comes from م د د: a doubled root.
The graphic simplification has different explanations: weak-letter change in the first two, assimilation of identical consonants in the third.
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Surface Form and Underlying Root
The Seven Morphological Classes: Sound, Hamzated, Weak and Doubled
Arabic surface forms do not always display every root radical transparently. Correct classification therefore requires identifying the underlying root.
قَالَ contains a written alif but comes from ق و ل: a wāw-middle ajwaf root.
بَاعَ contains a written alif but comes from ب ي ع: a yāʾ-middle ajwaf root.
مَدَّ contains one written shaddah-bearing dāl but comes from م د د: a doubled root.
The graphic simplification has different explanations: weak-letter change in the first two, assimilation of identical consonants in the third.