The first classification has four principal groups: sound (ṣaḥīḥ), hamzated (mahmūz), weak (muʿtall), and doubled (muḍāʿaf). Weak roots then divide into recognizable subgroups, including mithāl, ajwaf, nāqiṣ, and lafīf.
The chapter is traditionally known as the discussion of seven types: these familiar names capture different structural cases while the initial division is into four families.
A sound root lacks the listed special radicals; a hamzated root has a radical hamzah; a weak root contains a weak radical; and a doubled root contains repeated radicals. The classification concerns root structure rather than merely the word's translation.
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Four Main Classes and Seven Familiar Names
The Seven Morphological Classes: Sound, Hamzated, Weak and Doubled
The first classification has four principal groups: sound (ṣaḥīḥ), hamzated (mahmūz), weak (muʿtall), and doubled (muḍāʿaf). Weak roots then divide into recognizable subgroups, including mithāl, ajwaf, nāqiṣ, and lafīf.
The chapter is traditionally known as the discussion of seven types: these familiar names capture different structural cases while the initial division is into four families.
A sound root lacks the listed special radicals; a hamzated root has a radical hamzah; a weak root contains a weak radical; and a doubled root contains repeated radicals. The classification concerns root structure rather than merely the word's translation.