جَاءَ زَيْدٌ الْعَالِمُ: al-ʿālimu expresses Zayd’s quality: adjective.
جَاءَ زَيْدٌ وَعَمْرٌو: ʿAmrun is coordinated by wāw, not an adjective.
جَاءَ زَيْدٌ نَفْسُهُ: nafsuhu adds emphasis.
These are teaching examples: equal case does not mean equal function.
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The Tawābiʿ and Naʿt: Direct and Relational Attributes
جَاءَ زَيْدٌ الْعَالِمُ: al-ʿālimu expresses Zayd’s quality: adjective.
جَاءَ زَيْدٌ وَعَمْرٌو: ʿAmrun is coordinated by wāw, not an adjective.
جَاءَ زَيْدٌ نَفْسُهُ: nafsuhu adds emphasis.
These are teaching examples: equal case does not mean equal function.