Trilateral Bare Irregular - Bab 3: Kada Yakadu & Weak Roots

Read the bilingual lesson for Trilateral Bare Irregular - Bab 3: Kada Yakadu & Weak Roots and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Introduction to Bab Kada Yakadu (كَادَ يَكَادُ)

◦ Bab Kada Yakadu: The third irregular (شاذ) verbal door of trilateral bare verbs. ◦ Vocal Signature: It has a Dhummah (پیش) on the middle root letter in the past tense, and a Fathah (زبر) on the middle root letter in the present/future tense. This is the "u-a" pattern. ◦ Verbal Noun (مصدر): الكَوْدُ or الكَيْدُوْدَةُ (Meaning: to desire or be about to).

2. Vowel exceptions in weak verbs (معتل عین واوی کا قاعدہ)

◦ Rule of middle-vocal Dhummah: The lesson states that normally, if a past tense has a Dhummah on the middle letter (مضموم العین), its present/future tense should also have a Dhummah on the middle letter. ◦ However, an exception occurs in the singular of weak-Ayn Wawi verbs (معتل عین واوی), like کُدْتَّ in the past and تَکَادُ in the present/future.

3. Source-verified Sarf Sagheer of Bab Kada

كَادَ يَكَادُ كَوْدًا وَكَيْدُوْدَةً فَهُوَ كَائِدٌ وَكُوْدَ يُكَادُ كَوْدًا وَكَيْدُوْدَةً فَهُوَ مَكُوْدٌ الأَمْرُ مِنْهُ كَدْ وَالنَّهْيُ عَنْهُ لَا تَكَدْ الظَّرْفُ مِنْهُ مَكَادٌ وَالآلَةُ مِنْهُ مِكَادٌ وَمِكَادَةٌ وَمِكْوَادٌ ◦ The form clearly gives the instrument forms as مِكَادٌ, مِكَادَةٌ, and مِكْوَادٌ; the earlier duplicated reading was a transcription error. ◦ The table also displays مَكَادَانِ and مَكُوْدَانِ in its following number forms.

4. Analysis of Active vs. Passive in Kada

◦ Note the vocalic contrast between active and passive voices in the Sagheer table for this weak verb: FormMeaning Active Past: كَادَ (He was about to)Passive Past: كُوْدَ (He was willed) Active Present: يَكَادُPassive Present: يُكَادُ Active Participle: كَائِدٌPassive Participle: مَكُوْدٌ.

Practice questions

Question 1: Choose the correct answer

What is the underlying middle root letter vowel configuration for Bab Kada in past and present?

  • Dhummah in past, Fathah in present
  • Kasrah in both
  • Fathah in both
  • Fathah in past, Kasrah in present

Question 2: Match the correct pairs

Match each active and passive form of كَادَ to its correct morphological category.

Question 3: Choose the correct answer

What is the default Persian meaning of the verbal noun "الكود والکیدودة"?

  • خواستن و نزدیک شدن (to desire or be about to)
  • یاری کردن
  • سرخ شدن
  • پنداشتن

Question 4: Choose the correct answer

Select the correct standard active imperative (command) form for the verb كَادَ from the table.

  • كَدْ
  • لَا تَكَدْ
  • مَكَادٌ

Question 5: Choose the correct answer

Select the correct prohibitive (prohibition) form of كَادَ for the addressed singular masculine actor.

  • لَا تَكَدْ
  • كَدْ
  • لَا تَكْوَدْ
  • مَكُوْدٌ

Question 6: Sort into the correct groups

Sort these verbs based on whether they are Active Present (معروف) or Passive Present (مجہول) under Bab Kada.

Question 7: Choose the correct answer

What is the place/time noun (Ism Dharf) singular form for the verb كَادَ in the table?

  • مَكَادٌ
  • مَكُوْدٌ
  • كَدْ
  • مِكَادٌ

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