Rules 3 and 4 replace a radical in pronunciation but do not delete it or create a new root.
مِوْزَانٌ → مِيزَانٌ — kasrah + quiescent wāw: yāʾ.
مُيْقِنٌ → مُوقِنٌ — ḍammah + quiescent yāʾ: wāw.
The first underlying root is wāw-initial; the second is yāʾ-initial. The direction of substitution depends on the preceding vowel.
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Rules 3 and 4 Compared
Weak-Initial Roots: Elision, Substitution, Assimilation and Short Paradigms
Rules 3 and 4 replace a radical in pronunciation but do not delete it or create a new root.
مِوْزَانٌ → مِيزَانٌ — kasrah + quiescent wāw: yāʾ.
مُيْقِنٌ → مُوقِنٌ — ḍammah + quiescent yāʾ: wāw.
The first underlying root is wāw-initial; the second is yāʾ-initial. The direction of substitution depends on the preceding vowel.