Examples in this category include belief in:
• God indwelling in ʿAlī.
• Alteration of the Qur’an.
• Denial of the finality of prophethood.
• Denial of, or belief contrary to, a religious ruling transmitted by tawātur and widely known.
1. Ḥulūl: here, belief that God entered or indwelled in ʿAlī.
2. Alteration of the Qur’an: here, belief that the Qur’an has been changed.
3. Finality of prophethood: no new prophet comes after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
4. Transmitted by tawātur and widely known: both descriptions qualify the religious ruling in this example.