LessonsCompanions, Successors, Mukhāḍramūn, and Attribution of ReportsQuiz

On the basis of attribution, reports fall into three principal categories:
Marfūʿ: a report ascribed to the Prophet ﷺ, whether its chain is connected or contains a gap.
Mawqūf: a report ending with a Companion’s statement or action, without a Prophetic attribution.
Maqṭūʿ: a report ending with a Successor or, in related usage, someone in later generations.

Chain continuity must be assessed separately in each category. A Successor’s statement with a fully connected chain remains maqṭūʿ. Conversely, a report explicitly ascribed to the Prophet remains marfūʿ in attribution even if a missing link affects its proof.

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One framework for marfūʿ, mawqūf, and maqṭūʿ

Companions, Successors, Mukhāḍramūn, and Attribution of Reports

On the basis of attribution, reports fall into three principal categories:
Marfūʿ: a report ascribed to the Prophet ﷺ, whether its chain is connected or contains a gap.
Mawqūf: a report ending with a Companion’s statement or action, without a Prophetic attribution.
Maqṭūʿ: a report ending with a Successor or, in related usage, someone in later generations.

Chain continuity must be assessed separately in each category. A Successor’s statement with a fully connected chain remains maqṭūʿ. Conversely, a report explicitly ascribed to the Prophet remains marfūʿ in attribution even if a missing link affects its proof.