• Mu‘allal: a Hadith with an apparently sound chain but a hidden defect in its chain or text affecting soundness.
• The example: Ya‘lā ibn ‘Ubayd named ‘Amr ibn Dīnār; al-Thawrī’s other students named ‘Abd Allāh ibn Dīnār.
• Location of the defect: the narrator’s name in this particular chain; the text in this example is sound.
• Key distinction: noticing any difference is not enough; the definition requires a hidden defect affecting soundness.
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Summary
• Mu‘allal: a Hadith with an apparently sound chain but a hidden defect in its chain or text affecting soundness.
• The example: Ya‘lā ibn ‘Ubayd named ‘Amr ibn Dīnār; al-Thawrī’s other students named ‘Abd Allāh ibn Dīnār.
• Location of the defect: the narrator’s name in this particular chain; the text in this example is sound.
• Key distinction: noticing any difference is not enough; the definition requires a hidden defect affecting soundness.