Understanding and application
Why does الْخَمْرُ جُمَاعُ الْإِثْمِ present intoxication as a pathway to further wrongs?
Intention, sincere goodwill, and a first nominal sentence (Hadith 1–7)
- because every drinker necessarily commits every sin
- because intoxication can impair judgment and self-control
- because it always improves reasoning
- because it only describes the drink’s color