LessonsIntroduction to Hadith Methodology and Mutawatir ReportsQuiz

Absolute inclusion (ʿumum wa-khusus mutlaq) means that one term covers everything included in a narrower term, as well as additional cases.

Under the broader use of khabar, every prophetic hadith is a report, but not every report is a prophetic hadith.

Example 1: A statement transmitted from the Prophet ﷺ falls within both categories.
Example 2: An ordinary historical report from a Successor is khabar in the wider sense, but is not automatically a marfuʿ hadith.

Some scholars use khabar and hadith synonymously. The intended convention must therefore be identified before applying a distinction.

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The scope of khabar relative to hadith

Introduction to Hadith Methodology and Mutawatir Reports

Absolute inclusion (ʿumum wa-khusus mutlaq) means that one term covers everything included in a narrower term, as well as additional cases.

Under the broader use of khabar, every prophetic hadith is a report, but not every report is a prophetic hadith.

Example 1: A statement transmitted from the Prophet ﷺ falls within both categories.
Example 2: An ordinary historical report from a Successor is khabar in the wider sense, but is not automatically a marfuʿ hadith.

Some scholars use khabar and hadith synonymously. The intended convention must therefore be identified before applying a distinction.