A Companion may describe a particular deed in terms of obedience or disobedience to the Prophet ﷺ without quoting the underlying command verbatim. The attribution of compliance or violation can point toward the existence of a Prophetic ruling.
For example, ʿAmmār’s statement about fasting on the doubtful day includes: «فَقَدْ عَصَى أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ»
“He has disobeyed Abū al-Qāsim ﷺ.”
The inference is that describing the act as disobedience to the Prophet presupposes a relevant Prophetic prohibition. The meaning of the report and the reliability of its transmission still require their ordinary assessment.