LessonsIsnād, Matn, Explicit and Constructive Marfūʿ, and MawqūfQuiz

Just as reports reaching the Prophet ﷺ can concern words, deeds, and approval, reports attributed to a Companion may also take these three forms.

Verbal mawqūf: a Companion’s own legal opinion or historical statement.
Actional mawqūf: a report of something a Companion did.
Approval-related mawqūf: a deed performed in the Companion’s presence with approval or non-objection attributed to that Companion.

The classification depends on the highest intended attribution of the report. A reliable chain may establish that the Companion said or did something, but further evidence is required to elevate it to Prophetic attribution.

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Speech, actions, and approval at the Companion level

Isnād, Matn, Explicit and Constructive Marfūʿ, and Mawqūf

Just as reports reaching the Prophet ﷺ can concern words, deeds, and approval, reports attributed to a Companion may also take these three forms.

Verbal mawqūf: a Companion’s own legal opinion or historical statement.
Actional mawqūf: a report of something a Companion did.
Approval-related mawqūf: a deed performed in the Companion’s presence with approval or non-objection attributed to that Companion.

The classification depends on the highest intended attribution of the report. A reliable chain may establish that the Companion said or did something, but further evidence is required to elevate it to Prophetic attribution.