«الْمَرْفُوعُ تَصْرِيحًا أَوْ حُكْمًا»
A marfūʿ report reaches the Prophet ﷺ either through explicit attribution or by an attribution inferred from the reporting circumstances.
Explicit marfūʿ: the wording clearly attributes speech, action, or approval to him.
Constructive marfūʿ: no equally direct formula appears, but the content or reporting context warrants a Prophetic attribution by technical inference.
This classification concerns the level of attribution, not automatically authenticity. Even a weak chain can contain a technically marfūʿ report, because it claims to reach the Prophet ﷺ; whether that claim is established is assessed separately.