«فُعِلَ بِحَضْرَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَذَا»
“Such-and-such was done in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ.”
If the Companion reports that the Prophet was aware of the deed and did not object, the narration explicitly speaks to Prophetic tacit approval (taqrīr). Approval is a third category alongside reported speech and action.
A statement that a practice occurred somewhere during the Prophetic era does not always explicitly establish an instance of approval. Its probative force depends on relevant knowledge, circumstances, and reliable transmission. A critic therefore examines the context of awareness and non-objection, in addition to the isnād.