Maqbūl and Mardūd

Understand the basic division into maqbūl and mardūd according to the required qualities of narrators. Read the bilingual lesson for Maqbūl and Mardūd and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Maqbūl Report

● Definition: A report whose narrators are all reliable and trustworthy is called maqbūl.

● Basis: This classification is based on the condition and qualities of the narrators.

2. Mardūd Report

Definition: A report is mardūd when a required condition for acceptance is missing and the report is therefore rejected. A report may be rejected for different reasons.

3. Maqbūl and Mardūd Compared

● Maqbūl: the required conditions are fulfilled and the report is accepted.

● Mardūd: a required condition is missing and the report is rejected.

4. Keep Narrator Count and Narrator Qualities Distinct

● Mutawātir, mashhūr, ʿazīz, and gharīb concern narrator count.

● Maqbūl and mardūd concern narrator condition and qualities.

● A gharīb report may therefore be accepted or rejected.

5. Two Basic Reasons for Rejection

● Reason 1: a narrator is omitted from the chain.

● Reason 2: a narrator has a relevant defect.

● Remember: not every mardūd report is fabricated; rejection has different causes.

Practice questions

Question 1

What is a report called when all its narrators are reliable and trustworthy?

Maqbūl
Mashhūr
Marfūʿ

Question 2

If a required condition for acceptance is not fulfilled and the report is therefore rejected, what is its broad category?

Mardūd
Gharīb
Mawqūf

Question 3

What is considered first in the division into maqbūl and mardūd?

The condition and qualities of the narrators
Only the number of narrators
Only the Urdu translation

Question 4

Omission of a narrator from the chain is the only cause of rejection; a defect in a narrator is not a cause.

True
False

Question 5

A report can be called maqbūl merely because its translation is appealing or after seeing its narrator count.

True
False

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