Take al-Shafi‘i ← Malik ← ‘Abd Allah b. Dinar ← Ibn ‘Umar as the initial route. Related lines can be classified as follows:
1. Al-Qa‘nabi ← Malik ← ‘Abd Allah b. Dinar ← Ibn ‘Umar: complete mutaba‘ah; convergence is at Malik.
2. ‘Asim b. Muhammad ← Muhammad b. Zayd ← Ibn ‘Umar: partial mutaba‘ah; it reaches the same Companion beyond the original teacher.
3. Muhammad b. Hunayn ← Ibn ‘Abbas: verbal shahid; another Companion, with near-matching wording.
4. Muhammad b. Ziyad ← Abu Hurayrah: semantic shahid; another Companion, conveying a related instruction.
In items 3 and 4, the different Companion determines the shahid classification; verbal or semantic specifies the degree of textual likeness.