A narrator may genuinely hear the same account from two reliable teachers; differing routes are not automatically defective. But a speaker who identifies a different source each time the same report is questioned needs corroboration through hearing history, chronology and other students’ transmissions.
The evidence here is the recurring shift plus additional critical testimony. The next report supplies more direct evidence about Ziyād’s claimed hearing.
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Narrator Criticism: Teacher Verification, Conflicting Ascriptions and Claims of Hearing
A narrator may genuinely hear the same account from two reliable teachers; differing routes are not automatically defective. But a speaker who identifies a different source each time the same report is questioned needs corroboration through hearing history, chronology and other students’ transmissions.
The evidence here is the recurring shift plus additional critical testimony. The next report supplies more direct evidence about Ziyād’s claimed hearing.