Arabic expressionMeaning or structure
كَلِمَةَ حَقٍّword of truth; iḍāfah
سُلْطَانٍ جَائِرٍunjust ruler; noun and adjective
أَشَدُّ ... مِنْmore formidable than; comparison
اسْتِغْفَارًا كَثِيرًاmuch seeking of forgiveness; adjective phrase
رِضَى الْوَالِدِfather's pleasure; iḍāfah
عَلَى صَغِيرِهِمْover their younger ones; prepositional phrase
Identifying relationships between words is enough at this stage. A full technical parsing of each sentence is not necessary to understand the central meanings.