How should Muslim’s Hishām-from-ʿUrwah illustration be understood?
The Meeting Condition in Muʿanʿan Hadith: Muslim’s Rejoinder and Route Comparison
- Muslim proves tadlīs by Hishām in the cited report
- An ʿUthmān intermediary is required in every report
- The specific chain is conclusively ruled disconnected
- Individual reports can be mediated even when the general teacher–student hearing is well established