Collation (ʿarḍ or muqābala) means checking a written copy against the teacher's original, an authorized or reliably heard copy, or another trustworthy reference. The process reveals omissions, altered sequence and ambiguous names.
Ṣifat ʿarḍihi concerns how a student's copy is checked.
Ṣifat samāʿihi concerns genuinely hearing the session without distracting copying, conversation, drowsiness or other interference.
Attendance and verified hearing are not identical. If a student's attention or verification was materially deficient, simply sitting through the session does not justify an unqualified claim of complete reception. Such limitations should be disclosed.