What is the main difference between “qaraʾtu ʿalayhi” and “samiʿtu minhu”?
Transmission Formulas and Modes of Hadith Acquisition
- Only one has an isnād
- One is always weak and the other always sound
- One is only ijāzah and the other only wijādah
- The pupil read to the teacher in the first; directly heard the teacher in the second