Al-Nawawī also refers to the evidentiary force of a reliable solitary report. A single upright transmitter can in principle provide an authoritative report; multiplicity of witnesses is not an automatic condition for every hadith.
Integrity alone is not the complete technical assessment: precision, continuity and potential defects also matter. Legal witness-number rules must not simply be imported into the science of transmission.
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Trustworthy Transmission, the Report of a Fāsiq, and Responsible Narration
Al-Nawawī also refers to the evidentiary force of a reliable solitary report. A single upright transmitter can in principle provide an authoritative report; multiplicity of witnesses is not an automatic condition for every hadith.
Integrity alone is not the complete technical assessment: precision, continuity and potential defects also matter. Legal witness-number rules must not simply be imported into the science of transmission.