أحدهما: سوء الفهم فقط
The first cause is simply defective understanding.
A reasoner may reach a conclusion before properly identifying the word, relation, or intended assertion. For instance, “the pen broke” may refer to its tip breaking rather than the pen splitting in two. The truth conditions of these readings differ.
The first duty in logical discussion is to understand the exact claim at issue. A formally valid argument about a different meaning does not answer the original question.
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Causes of Error: Misunderstanding and Verbal Ambiguities
أحدهما: سوء الفهم فقط
The first cause is simply defective understanding.
A reasoner may reach a conclusion before properly identifying the word, relation, or intended assertion. For instance, “the pen broke” may refer to its tip breaking rather than the pen splitting in two. The truth conditions of these readings differ.
The first duty in logical discussion is to understand the exact claim at issue. A formally valid argument about a different meaning does not answer the original question.