The subject is the thing or concept about which something is asserted. In “Zayd is learned,” the subject is Zayd; learning is what is asserted of him.
“The tree is tall” — subject: the tree.
“A human is an animal” — subject: human.
“This book is not old” — subject: this book.
A subject may be expressed by one word or a multiword phrase. Identify it by asking what the judgment concerns, not by counting words.