«وقد تحذف الرابطة في اللفظ دون المراد»
The copula may be omitted in the wording without being absent from the intended meaning.
«زيد قائم»
Zayd is standing.
The overt Arabic words are only “Zayd” and “standing,” yet the sentence is not two unrelated names: the mind understands the predicative connection.
Therefore categorical analysis distinguishes three functional elements even though not every language must express all three through separate words.