المفهوم أي ما حصل في الذهن قسمان: أحدهما جزئي، والثاني كلي
A concept—what is present to the mind—is of two kinds: particular and universal.
A mafhūm is the meaning grasped by the intellect. Hearing “tree” evokes the concept of a tree; that concept is not identical with seeing a particular tree.
Distinguish three things: the word, which signifies; the concept, which is understood; and the referent or instance, to which the concept applies. Confusing them produces errors in classifying particulars and universals.