LessonsConcepts: Particular and Universal, and Six Cases of UniversalsQuiz

The six cases can be organized by possibility and instantiation:

1. External instances are impossible: “the non-possible.”
2. Instances are possible, but none actually exists: “a ruby mountain.”
3. One exists; another is ruled out by a distinct proof: the Necessary Existent.
4. One exists; another is possible: the historical illustration of the sun.
5. Many exist in a finite set: the older example of the wandering planets.
6. Multiplicity is not fixed by a finite pre-set count: humans, horses and sheep.

The cases distinguish external instantiation and modal status. They do not change what it means for a concept to be universal.

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Six cases in one comparison

Concepts: Particular and Universal, and Six Cases of Universals

The six cases can be organized by possibility and instantiation:

1. External instances are impossible: “the non-possible.”
2. Instances are possible, but none actually exists: “a ruby mountain.”
3. One exists; another is ruled out by a distinct proof: the Necessary Existent.
4. One exists; another is possible: the historical illustration of the sun.
5. Many exist in a finite set: the older example of the wandering planets.
6. Multiplicity is not fixed by a finite pre-set count: humans, horses and sheep.

The cases distinguish external instantiation and modal status. They do not change what it means for a concept to be universal.