Classify each by the kind of judgment being made:
1. If Zayd is human, he is an animal. — affirmative necessary connective: a conceptual genus–species link.
2. If Zayd writes, Amr is in the garden. — coincidental if both just happen to be true without entailment.
3. This integer is even or odd. — genuine disjunction: neither both true nor both false.
4. This thing is a tree or a stone. — exclusive of conjunction: both can be false.
5. This thing is not human or is an animal. — exclusive of omission: both can be true.
Giving the reason makes classification a test of understanding, not vocabulary recall.