LessonsConditional Propositions: Connectives, Disjunctions and Their Main KindsQuiz

The commentary treats a cause–effect relation as an important source of genuine linkage. Where one condition causes another under the relevant qualifications, a conditional may state a real connection.

For example, “If water is heated to its boiling point at the specified pressure, it begins to boil.” Here the consequent follows the stipulated physical conditions.

By contrast, “If the sun has risen, Zayd must have gone to the market” lacks such entailment. Sunrise alone does not establish Zayd’s journey. A causal relationship is different from merely occurring around the same time.

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The cause–effect relation

Conditional Propositions: Connectives, Disjunctions and Their Main Kinds

The commentary treats a cause–effect relation as an important source of genuine linkage. Where one condition causes another under the relevant qualifications, a conditional may state a real connection.

For example, “If water is heated to its boiling point at the specified pressure, it begins to boil.” Here the consequent follows the stipulated physical conditions.

By contrast, “If the sun has risen, Zayd must have gone to the market” lacks such entailment. Sunrise alone does not establish Zayd’s journey. A causal relationship is different from merely occurring around the same time.