LessonsContraposition: Classical Rules, Validity and the Later ConventionQuiz

“Some animals are nonhuman” is affirmative in form: “nonhuman” is a complementary predicate, while that predicate is affirmed of some animals.

“Some animals are not human” uses a negative copula. Both can describe the same cases, but an affirmative with an infinite/complementary term differs in form from a negative proposition.

This distinction applies the earlier lesson on the position of negation.

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A negative-looking predicate can be affirmative

Contraposition: Classical Rules, Validity and the Later Convention

“Some animals are nonhuman” is affirmative in form: “nonhuman” is a complementary predicate, while that predicate is affirmed of some animals.

“Some animals are not human” uses a negative copula. Both can describe the same cases, but an affirmative with an infinite/complementary term differs in form from a negative proposition.

This distinction applies the earlier lesson on the position of negation.