«فتنعكس الموجبة الكلية بهذا العكس كنفسها»
A universal affirmative contraposes to another universal affirmative of the same form.
Original: Every human is an animal.
Contrapositive: Every nonanimal is nonhuman.
If humans are included within animals, anything outside the class of animals must also be outside the class of humans. Both statements are universal affirmatives.
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Contraposition: Classical Rules, Validity and the Later Convention
«فتنعكس الموجبة الكلية بهذا العكس كنفسها»
A universal affirmative contraposes to another universal affirmative of the same form.
Original: Every human is an animal.
Contrapositive: Every nonanimal is nonhuman.
If humans are included within animals, anything outside the class of animals must also be outside the class of humans. Both statements are universal affirmatives.