In verbal-rational indication, the indicator is a spoken word but reason connects it to something beyond its conventional meaning.
The textbook's example is hearing a word from behind a wall and inferring the presence of someone speaking.
Indicator: the audible utterance.
Indicated fact: the existence of a source or speaker.
Basis: a rational connection between an act of speaking and its source.
The textbook assumes direct speech; in modern cases involving recordings or generated audio, the immediate source would need separate verification.
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Verbal-rational indication
Dalālah, Waḍʿ and the Six Types of Indication
In verbal-rational indication, the indicator is a spoken word but reason connects it to something beyond its conventional meaning.
The textbook's example is hearing a word from behind a wall and inferring the presence of someone speaking.
Indicator: the audible utterance.
Indicated fact: the existence of a source or speaker.
Basis: a rational connection between an act of speaking and its source.
The textbook assumes direct speech; in modern cases involving recordings or generated audio, the immediate source would need separate verification.